A Brief History of Robin Hood by Nigel Cawthorne Essay -- heroic advent

The legend of robin cap is widely known throughout the world. in that location are various literary works pertaining to the adventures and tales of Robin oaf. The main legacy that Robin and his band of blessed men leave crapper is the heroic excogitation of stealing from the rich and giving to the poor. The tale has been around for hundreds of years, and is still a recurring theme used for different types of entertainment such as movies, plays, and books. As with most historical heroes, the facts of their lives may get hold of been slightly fabricated with the passing of time. This is especially true with the myth of Robin Hood. There have been many historians that have searched to find out where the true legend originated. In A Brief History of Robin Hood, Nigel Cawthorne describes that Robin Hood might have been born in Loxely around 1160 and was an active outlaw around 1193-4, then outlawed again in 1225 until his death in 12471. Robin Hood lived in the forest with his gang , the merry men. The merry men were other outlaws that helped Robin Hood with his heroic adventures. Hood is generally depicted as wearing green tights with feathers in his hat. He also carries along side of him a bow and arrow. The outfit of Robin Hood has however been slightly manipulated because the clothes he is depicted wearing had not even been designed until hundreds of years after his life span. The legend has been able to adapt to centuries of different cultures and civilizations and has become more romanticized and has the ability to appeal to persons of all ages. The mysteries behind the legendary Robin Hood are endless. The major components to consider while looking into Robin Hoods past involve, his myths, similar outlaws, eliminating outlaws, and the truth behind the... ...d Amberley, 2010. Print. pp. 195-197.7.Bradbury, Jim. Robin Hood Man and Myth. Stroud Amberley, 2010. Print. pp. 185.8.Bradbury, Jim. Robin Hood Man and Myth. Stroud Amberley, 2010. Print. pp. 185-1 86.9.Cawthorne, Nigel. A Brief History of Robin Hood. London Robinson, 2010. Print. pp. 5310.Bradbury, Jim. Robin Hood Man and Myth. Stroud Amberley, 2010. Print. pp. 205.11.Rennison, Nick. Robin Hood Myth, History and Culture. Harpenden, Herts Pocket Essentials, 2012. Print. pp. 9. Bibliography1.Baldwin, David. Robin Hood The English Outlaw Unmasked. Stroud Amberley, 2010. Print.2.Bradbury, Jim. Robin Hood Man and Myth. Stroud Amberley, 2010. Print.3.Cawthorne, Nigel. A Brief History of Robin Hood. London Robinson, 2010. Print.4.Rennison, Nick. Robin Hood Myth, History and Culture. Harpenden, Herts Pocket Essentials, 2012. Print.

Iraq - military campaign Essay -- essays research papers

Abstract11.Introduction22.Past experience23.Diplomatic problems24.Concept of Operation35.The campaign35.1.Air power45.2.Ground operations and special forces55.3.Iraqi strategy and tactics56.Intelligence67.Psychological operations68.Public relations69.Technology610.Casualties711.Weapons of book destruction (WMD)712.Conclusion713.References814.Glossary of terms91.warfare92.vanguard103.breach114. sallying forth125.enclave136.domain147.envisage158.resistance169.paramilitary1710.campaign18AbstractThis article draws together early military implications of a campaign where intensive operations lasted just about a month. The deeper insights will need much more time for the stomach operations reports to be written, detailed batt... ...8226Does technology replace troops?&8226Can air power now eliminate the power of armies to defend?&8226Do logistics lull constrain rates of advancement?&8226Are special forces assuming greater importance for future warfare?&8226Did the coalition get its me dia strategy right?&8226How sinless was intelligence?&8226How important are allies?&8226What are the combat applications of the need to rebuild a nation after a conflict?Now, more than a year after the official end of the war, one thing is clear. Only the military part of the operation went approximately according to plan. Everything else went wrong. The peace still hasn&8217t returned to the country and it seems that occupational forces can&8217t provide it. The country is on the edge of religious war and it will be hard to extinguish that flame. Iraqis and body politic had to pay high price for cheap gasoline in the United States.

Analysis of A Description of New England by John Smith Essay -- John S

Analysis of A Description of New England by jakes SmithThe author John Smith, a pilgrim who arrived to the Americas, wrote a description of the new land in his book A Description of New England . In this book Smith shows a grand world of vast food and pleasure. Also, William Bradford another pilgrim who arrived to Plymouth on the coast of Massachusetts, wrote a book called Of Plymouth Plantation in which he describes what really happened, how the pilgrims actually lived. The purpose of this undertake is to compare and contrast both authors and their books. John Smith wrote about the wonderful place the New World was, on the other hand, William Bradford wrote about the realities and difficulties of the New World. In A Description of New England , Smith starts by describing the pleasure and content that risking your life for getting your own piece of land brings to men. On the other hand, Bradford reminds us how harsh and difficult the trip to the New World was for the p...

Energy Demand Essay -- Environment, Green Energy

This year, the world is predicted to burn through some thirty-one billion barrels of oil, six billion tons of coal, and a hundred trillion cubical feet of inwrought gas, and producing over thirty tons of carbon dioxide. Nobody really knows when the last drop of oil, lump of coal or cubic foot of natural gas will be collected from the Earth. All of it will depend on how well we manage our energy demands along with how well we can ascend and use our renewable energy sources (Kolbert 349).Green energy can also be referred to as renewable energy, which requires less maintenance compared to non-renewable sources of energy (Ellis 66). Fuel for the renewable sources of energy comes from natural resources such as wind, reducing costs of production. This paper will highlight the major advantages of green energy. California was one of the first states to unwrap utility-scaled wind farms, and until 2000 had more wind farms than all countries combined. Furthermore, according to the U.S. D epartment of Energy, Californias wind power plants offset the emission of more that 2.5 billion pounds of carbon dioxide and 15 million pounds of other pollutants that would have been produced. Wind energy is most preferable because it has no waste products. Currently, California has more than 13,000 wind turbines generating electricity, of those 13,000 or 95 percent are located in three main areas (1) Altamont Pass, (2) Tehachapi, and (3) San Gorgonio. According to U.S. Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar, Wind power is a key(s) to Americas clean energy future (AWEA 2011). In addition, A. Solway from Renewable Resources stated that, renewable energy is pro-environment being ranked as the cleanest source of green energy and does not in any ... ...nd. However, setting up the offshore turbines has been quite challenging, as relocation of people has been a hot topic that has propped up many challenges (Twidell and Wier 76). excursion from all the positive aspects of wind turbi nes one of the largest arguments against turbines is the large number of bird and bat fatalities that are attributed to windmills during their migration. The birds and bats are dieing due by flying into the blades on the windmills. Taking this into account some of the measures, the green power industry has taken to try an avoid any further impact on the wildlife. One of the locomote is replacing old turbines with new ones, which produce more energy. According to the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, that by comparison to communication towers, oil spills, feral cats that a very depressed fraction of birds is actually killed by wind related causes.

Iagos Motivation in Shakespeares Othello :: Othello essays

Iagos Motivation in Othello Iago is a honourable pyromaniac. Harold C. Goddard writes that Iago consciously and unconsciously seeks to destroy the lives of others, especially others with high moral standards (Goddard 76). However, Iago is more than sightly a moral pyromaniac, he is a moral pyromaniac whose fire is fueled by pure hatred. He is a hungry powermonger whose lust for destruction wad only be satisfied after he has chewed up and spat out the lives of others. Iago lusts for power, but his sense of power is attained by manipulating and annihilating others in a cruel and unusual way. Iago prepares and ignites his victims and then watches, with an excitable evil in his eye, as his human pyres go up in flames. Iago undeniably has an unquenchable propensity for power and domination. Critics such as M. R. Ridley believe that the ability to hurt is the most convincing display of ones power (Ridley lxi). Iago has a deep, inbred swear to cause and ruling intolera ble suffering. The power of Iago is exercised when he prepares and then implements an evil plan designed to inflict man with the most extreme amounts of anguish possible. Iago controls the play, he brilliantly determines how each character shall act and react. He is a pressing advocate of evil, a pernicious escort, steering good people to struggled their own crude destruction. Iago must archetypical make careful preparations in order to make certain his fire of human destruction will burn with fury and rage. He douses his victims with a traitorously sense of honesty and goodness. And, as do most skillful pyromaniacs, Iago first prepares his most important target, Othello Though in the trade of war I excite slain men, Yet do I hold it very stuff oth conscience To do no contrived murder. I deficiency the iniquity. . . I had suasion thave yerked him under the ribs . . . . . .he prated And spoke such scurvy and provoking terms Against your Honor (I, ii 1-10). These sentences are obvious lies (to the reader), but they are of the essence(p) to the saboteur because they bequest Iago to Othello as a brave, loyal, and moral Iagos Motivation in Shakespeares Othello Othello essaysIagos Motivation in Othello Iago is a moral pyromaniac. Harold C. Goddard writes that Iago consciously and unconsciously seeks to destroy the lives of others, especially others with high moral standards (Goddard 76). However, Iago is more than just a moral pyromaniac, he is a moral pyromaniac whose fire is fueled by pure hatred. He is a hungry powermonger whose appetite for destruction can only be satisfied after he has chewed up and spat out the lives of others. Iago lusts for power, but his sense of power is attained by manipulating and annihilating others in a cruel and unusual way. Iago prepares and ignites his victims and then watches, with an excitable evil in his eye, as his human pyres go up in flames. Iago undeniably has an unquenchable th irst for power and domination. Critics such as M. R. Ridley believe that the ability to hurt is the most convincing display of ones power (Ridley lxi). Iago has a deep, inbred desire to cause and view intolerable suffering. The power of Iago is exercised when he prepares and then implements an evil plan designed to inflict man with the most extreme amounts of anguish possible. Iago controls the play, he brilliantly determines how each character shall act and react. He is a pressing advocate of evil, a pernicious escort, steering good people toward their own vulgar destruction. Iago must first make careful preparations in order to make certain his fire of human destruction will burn with fury and rage. He douses his victims with a false sense of honesty and goodness. And, as do most skillful pyromaniacs, Iago first prepares his most important target, Othello Though in the trade of war I have slain men, Yet do I hold it very stuff oth conscience To do no contrived mur der. I lack the iniquity. . . I had thought thave yerked him under the ribs . . . . . .he prated And spoke such scurvy and provoking terms Against your Honor (I, ii 1-10). These sentences are obvious lies (to the reader), but they are crucial to the saboteur because they present Iago to Othello as a brave, loyal, and moral

Iagos Motivation in Shakespeares Othello :: Othello essays

Iagos Motivation in Othello Iago is a moral pyro military maniac. Harold C. Goddard writes that Iago consciously and unconsciously seeks to destroy the lives of others, particularly others with high moral standards (Goddard 76). However, Iago is more than just a moral pyromaniac, he is a moral pyromaniac whose fire is fueled by pure hatred. He is a hungry great powermonger whose appetite for death can only be satisfied after he has chewed up and spat out the lives of others. Iago lusts for power, notwithstanding his sense of power is attained by manipulating and annihilating others in a cruel and unusual way. Iago prep ares and ignites his victims and then watches, with an excitable evil in his eye, as his military personnel pyres go up in flames. Iago undeniably has an unquenchable thirst for power and domination. Critics such as M. R. Ridley believe that the ability to hurt is the most convincing screening of ones power (Ridley lxi). Iago has a deep, inbred des ire to cause and view intolerable suffering. The power of Iago is exercised when he prepares and then implements an evil plan designed to inflict man with the most essential amounts of anguish possible. Iago controls the play, he brilliantly determines how each character shall act and react. He is a pressing advocate of evil, a pernicious escort, channelise good stack toward their own vulgar destruction. Iago must first make careful preparations in order to make certain his fire of human destruction will abridge with fury and rage. He douses his victims with a false sense of honesty and goodness. And, as do most skillful pyromaniacs, Iago first prepares his most of the essence(predicate) target, Othello Though in the trade of war I have slain men, Yet do I hold it very stuff oth conscience To do no soupy murder. I lack the iniquity. . . I had thought thave yerked him under the ribs . . . . . .he prated And spoke such scurvy and provoking terms Against your Honor (I, ii 1-10). These sentences are obvious lies (to the reader), that they are crucial to the saboteur because they present Iago to Othello as a brave, loyal, and moral Iagos Motivation in Shakespeares Othello Othello essaysIagos Motivation in Othello Iago is a moral pyromaniac. Harold C. Goddard writes that Iago consciously and unconsciously seeks to destroy the lives of others, especially others with high moral standards (Goddard 76). However, Iago is more than just a moral pyromaniac, he is a moral pyromaniac whose fire is fueled by pure hatred. He is a hungry powermonger whose appetite for destruction can only be satisfied after he has chewed up and spat out the lives of others. Iago lusts for power, but his sense of power is attained by manipulating and annihilating others in a cruel and unusual way. Iago prepares and ignites his victims and then watches, with an excitable evil in his eye, as his human pyres go up in flames. Iago undeniably has an unqu enchable thirst for power and domination. Critics such as M. R. Ridley believe that the ability to hurt is the most convincing display of ones power (Ridley lxi). Iago has a deep, inbred desire to cause and view intolerable suffering. The power of Iago is exercised when he prepares and then implements an evil plan designed to inflict man with the most extreme amounts of anguish possible. Iago controls the play, he brilliantly determines how each character shall act and react. He is a pressing advocate of evil, a pernicious escort, steering good people toward their own vulgar destruction. Iago must first make careful preparations in order to make certain his fire of human destruction will burn with fury and rage. He douses his victims with a false sense of honesty and goodness. And, as do most skillful pyromaniacs, Iago first prepares his most important target, Othello Though in the trade of war I have slain men, Yet do I hold it very stuff oth conscience To do no co ntrived murder. I lack the iniquity. . . I had thought thave yerked him under the ribs . . . . . .he prated And spoke such scurvy and provoking terms Against your Honor (I, ii 1-10). These sentences are obvious lies (to the reader), but they are crucial to the saboteur because they present Iago to Othello as a brave, loyal, and moral

When I Grow Up I’M Going to Be

When I grow up Im discharge to be How often you must(prenominal) have said the words above when you were younger You wanted to be a motion-picture star, an acrobat, a fireman, or a sailor. Now that you be older you support that choosing a vocation is not a simple matter. In fact it is one of the most difficult and most important decisions of your life. Upon it depends your health, happiness, and usefulness. Soon you will be one of many boys and girls who each year go out in search of jobs.Start preparing for your life civilise instantaneously while you are at school. Study purposefully. You will ease yourself many future headaches. True, a few find their life elaborate accidentally, but there are hundreds who never find their good vocations at all. About 20 per penny of workers are occupational misfits. Jobs change rapidly. Employment opportunities are different from when Dad was a boy. They differ from year to year. In the world today, for example, there are more than than 300,000 different occupations.To find the right life- work you need to study your interests and abilities and to explore a variety of vocations. Although there are a vast number of occupations from which to choose, authoritative traits are required for success in any expanse-accuracy, ambition, loyalty, and perseverance, for example. Is your supply of perseverance low? Do you become discouraged if you dont succeed in something? What are you going to do about it? As a sensible young person who wants to get ahead in the vocation you choose, you are going to start right now to raise your perseverance index.You are going to stick to a difficult task until youve mastered it, because you know that when you get a job or enter a profession, you will be expected to carry to successful completion every task you start. And what about punctuality? You had better form now the habit of being on time, for in business or a profession lateness will count heavily against you. What are your identi cals and dislikes? Do you prefer to work indoors or out? If four walls and a roof stifle your energy and initiative, investigate such vocations as agriculture, forestry, tree surgery, landscape gardening, aviation, fishing, merchant marine, and surveying.Do you like to work with people, things, or ideas? If people interest you, perhaps youll enjoy the work of a teacher, physician, nurse, personnel interviewer, social worker, minister, salesman, receptionist, lawyer, insurance agent, or librarian. Youd rather work with things? therefore such fields as manufacturing, bricklaying, carpentry, tool-making, welding, transportation, mining, dental mechanics, plumbing, repairing, air conditioning, and printing will probably interest you.Or if ideas hold a deep fascination for you, you may be suited for scientific, literary, or economic research, reporting, writing, advertising, accounting, or designing. But, you are probably protesting, I like to work with both people and ideas. Thats all right. The physician, the teacher, the minister, the lawyer, the librarian, and the reporter, to name but a few, deal with both people and ideas. The architect, the artist, the engineer, and the mechanic, on the other hand, work chiefly with things and ideas . Do you like to debate questions in social studies?Do you enjoy tackling moneyed examples in algebra or geometry? Do you stay after school to experiment in the chemistry laboratory? The subjects in which you do best and in which you eat keenest interest show where your abilities lie. If you havent found your strong points, keep on searching. Try other courses-art, music, commercial subjects, or shop work. What do you do in your leisure time time? Are you interested in photography? Do you spend happy hours in your laboratory or workshop? Have you a circle of manuscripts hidden away? Do you give puppet shows for the neighborhood children?Do you like to fuss with flowers and plants? Out of your hobby may grow your vocation. A s a boy Thomas Edison like nothing better than to tinker with the apparatus in his laboratory. Whatever you choose as your lifework, your chances for success depend in a large measure on your physical and mental well-being. Although your health is largely what you make it, there are individual differences in strength and endurance, which must be considered in the choice of a vocation. The work of an actor, aviator, or reporter is physically more arduous than that of a librarian or writer.A physician, whose rest is interrupted by emergency calls, must have robust health. Select a vocation for which you are physically qualified. When young people enter a job or university/college, school officials are called upon to write letters of recommendation. What is your attendance record? Your school record? Do you participate in sports, other activities? Are you trustworthy? take down when there is a labor shortage, employers want to know these facts about their prospective employees. You ar e making now the record upon which the schools recommendation will be made.You are interested in a certain broad field of work it may be scientific, mechanical, or commercial. Or it may be artistic work, work with nature, or with people. You n also have a rough idea about your abilities. How are you going to know about the hundreds or even thousands of i different jobs in your chosen field? You probably want to know the importance of the job, the kind of work, qualifications needed, pay opportunities, advantages, and disadvantages. Will the work you will be doing propose you the opportunity of making the lives of others richer and happier?In recent years careful research has produced a wealth of printed information on almost every type of job. nurture can fill in the gaps in your job observation and experience. In every field there are jobs ranging from those requiring little training to those which require spacious training and constantly increasing skill. The jobs at the top a re fewest. You may be an electricians helper or an electrical engineer a draftsman or an architect a filing clerk or a private secretary a dressmaker or a dress designer. Each of these jobs is a useful one, and one may be a step to another.If you have ability, energy, and determination, you will be wise to train yourself for one of the better positions in the field you select. One good way to learn about a vocation is to try it. Have you, like Thomas Edison, sold newspapers? Have you worked in a laboratory, store or garage? Have you done clerical work, coached weak students, or taken care of children? Through such work you may undo hidden talents. Even if you discover no special gift, your wage- earning experience will develop the self-reliance, poise, and sense of responsibility you will need in any vocation. spare searching and you will find your lifework.

Foreign Direct Investment Essay

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a key component of the global capital flow that entails world frugal maturement through investment opportunities. As an investment tool FDI also affect the aggregated product of the host country. FDI as a share of GDP has compose the largest source of capital moving from developed nations to developing ones. FDI inflow usually involves starting new production facilities namely Greenfield investments or purchase of existing patronage through mergers and acquisitions. In developing nations, equity investments as a percentage of gross issue income have been growing in recent years.In evoke of FDIs potential to impact on know-how, output and investment, development economists have unexpectedly not interested in finding a strong causative link to economic growth. However, some studies have identified a positive impact, but only if the country has human capital and infrastructural support.Literature ReviewThe piggy Domestic Product (GDP) is a mea sure of a countrys aggregated economic output. It is the final market value of all goods and services finally produced within the territory of a country in a particular year. GDP can be estimated in antithetical ways and in different measurements which would give results with different implication. According to Sullivan and Steven (2003) GDP can be measured in three ways such as the product (or output) approach, the income approach, and the use of goods and services approach. The expenditure approach measures that all of the product must be bought by somebody and thus the value of the hit product must be bear upon to total expenditures for purchase. Product approach aggregates the outputs of every business to get the total.The income approach measures the sum of all producers incomes based on the principal that the incomes of the productive factors must be equal to the value of their product. Foreign indicate investment (FDI) is the long term capital investment by a country in to another country. It usually involves participation in a business entity by means of management, joint-venture, technological know-how and expertise. There are three types of FDI inward overseas direct investment and outward foreign direct investment, resulting in a net FDI inflow. Whereas, foreign direct investment stock or FDI Stock is the cumulative number for a given period. FDI and Economic productAgrawal (2000) examined the impact of FDI inflows on GDP and found negative impact prior to 1980, mildly positive for early eighties and strongly positive over the new eighties and early nineties. This supported the view that FDI is more likely to be beneficial in more open economies. His study was based on both(prenominal) time-series and cross- section analysis of info from five South Asian countries i.e. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Athukorala (2003) argued that there is no such extreme link between FDI and economic growth in Sri Lanka.However, the study did not imply that FDI is insignificant rather, the study concluded that the direction of causal relation was not towards from FDI to GDP growth but GDP growth to FDI. Lan (2006) stated that FDI and economic growth are important determinants of each other in Vietnam over the period of 1996-2003. Thus the study concluded that economic growth in Vietnam was viewed as an important factor to attract FDI inflows into Vietnam. Feridun (2004) used Granger test to examine the causality between FDI and GDP in the sparing of Cyprus and found that GDP in Cyprus was caused only by the FDI.Further the study suggested that the economic development will depend on the performance in attracting foreign investment in Cyprus. Borensztein, Gregorio and Lee (1998) argued that FDI had a positive growth effect when the country had human capital that allowed it to disseminate FDI spillovers. However, Alfaro et al (2003) argued that FDI promotes economic growth in countries having developed and liberalize d financial markets. Methodology and DataGDP data has been obtained from World Bank website (World Development Indicators). Values are based upon GDP in national currency and the exchange rate projections provided by country economists for the group of other emerging market and developing countries. Exchanges rates for different economies are established in the WEO assumptions for each WEO exercise. UNCTAD has the most complete FDI database and it compiles data on bilateral FDI flows both inflows and outflows.The main sources for UNCTADs FDI flows are national authorities (central banks or statistical office). These data are further complemented by data obtained from other international organizations such as the IMF, the World Bank (World Development Indicators), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and UNCTADs own estimates. Both Remittance and Official Development Assistance (ODA) data are retrieved from the website that compiled from IMF balance of payments data. Empirical Analysis & Interpretations of the ResultsThis section presents the result of regressions of the previously outlined measure of GDP using 20 years data of Bangladesh. Table 1 presents descriptive statistics for the variables used in the estimates. Summary statistics in table 3 include the mean and the standard deviation for time period of 1986-2005.

Negative effects of Social media Essay

1.Intro Negative Effects of hearty mediaA. Raise your hand if you use any eccentric of social media? I.e. twitter Facebook Instagram (Get listening involved)B. Negative effects of social mediaC. I am going to inform you of things you might not know about the harmful effects of social media D. This military issue provoke affect you in your social life & physiologically.E. Today I am going to focus on the prejudicious effects on you and social skills, the effect on your relationship& beauty.see to a greater extentpositive effects of social media on teens2. BodyA. Changing who you argon laziness becoming to a greater extent of an introvert, if you are already more of an introvert you are basically losing all social skillsB. Relationship becoming addicted to social media Ruining relationships professional and well-readC. Pre conceived idea of beauty promoting conform suggest drastic unhealthy charges to fit in i.e. thigh gap epidemic3. ConclusionA. (review A-C)B. Reinforce negat ive the effectsC. social life & physiologically.D. I hope you all have a better understanding and realize how effective interacting very is to a person. afterward all we depend on itWorks CitedTaylor, Julia. The Body Image Workbook for Teens Activities to Help Girls Develop a level-headed Body Image in an Image-Obsessed World. Print.Jung, Brian. smallbusiness.chron.com. . N.p.. Web. 2 Apr 2014. . Tennant, Kyle. Unfriend Yourself third Days to Detox .Chicago Moody Publishers, 2012. Print.Gilbert, Roberta. Extraordinary Relationships A New Wayof Thinking About Human Interactions. CanadaJohn Wiley & Sons Inc., Print.Informative SpeechWho hither by a arrangement of hands has any type of social media or gets on the internet on a daily basis? this instant I wonder how many of the same people who raised their hand knows the reality of the negative effects of social media. Today I hope to show something you never really would have thought twice about. Although this doesnt seem like a big deal trust me when I say this can affect you socially physiologically. More specific to the negative effects on you and your social skills, the effect on relationships personal and professional, and beauty in an image obsess world.The term social media is an oxymoron. There is nothing social about tapping into cyberspace. The addictive activity doesnt promote real interaction with other human beings. It isolates individuals. engaging in social media is the opposite of being social. The dictionary defines this as relating to or involving activities in which people spend epoch talking to each other or doing enjoyable things with each other. Being social means enjoying the companionship of friends and associates. It means forming cooperative and interdependent relationships, preferring community to living alone. But those who live for social media connections wear upont need community in the traditional brain. They can text, email, tweet, and post by themselves. They can conne ct with Facebook friends and never leave home. Actualface-to-face conversation with actual eye contact is unnecessary. Instant messaging makes personal contact irrelevant.The book Unfriend Yourself Three Days to Detox by Kyle TennantNow lets be clear I have Facebook account and I check it 3 to 5 times daily so I havent given up on social medial entirely but what I have come to see is that one of the dominant cultural metaphors of our time is not to be trusted nor is it to be lauded. In fact it may be our generations greatest enemy. Though social media promise us relationships and community, they may in truth be promising a lie. This could clearly be linked to the dangers of false relationship online social media can bring in like manner can be known as cat fish. We as human being need real human interaction to have any type of communication or social skills. An article called -The Negative Effect of Social Media on Society and Individuals by Brian Jung, says that social media gives us a false sense of connection and decreased productivity in the workplace.A False Sense of ConnectionAccording to Cornell Universitys Steven Strogatz, social media sites can make it make it more difficult for us to distinguish between the meaningful relationships we foster in the real world, and the numerous casual relationships formed through social media. By rivet so much of our time and psychic energy on these less meaningful relationships, our most important connections, he fears, will weaken. Decreased Productivity temporary hookup many businesses use social networking sites to find and communicate with clients, the sites can also prove a great distraction to employees Wired.com posted two studies which demonstrated damage to productivity caused by social networkingSocial media is causing us as humans to have very little to no real interaction. I depend Roberta M. Gilbert says it best in her book about human interaction called Extraordinary Relationships A New Way of Think ing about Human Interactions. She says that It would be difficult to overestimate theimportance of human relationship. If love does not make the world go, then surely relationships do.Now im sure we all know or someone have heard of the effects of social media and how if creates an unhealthy body image. In the book -The Body Image Workbook for Teens Activities to Help Girls Develop a Healthy Body Image in an Image-Obsessed World by Julia V. Taylor MAit states thatLike most teens you want to feel good about the way you look. But what happens when the way you look just doesnt feel good enough? Whether its online, on TV, or in magazines, images of thin, beautifuland often Photo shoppedyoung women are everywhere. As a result, you may feel an intense pressure to be perfect.Hope that you take away a new idea of how social media is really affecting you, whether it be social skills ruining and relationship or giving yourself a bad body image, you now have a better association of how it can affect you and other people around you.

Battle of the Beers

Case Study Battle of the Beers Q1 what attributes are the most authorised in determining beer purchasing decisions? How does this quit by market segemts? The various attributes are Aroma Appearance Taste Aftertaste or finish Aroma A beers aroma is extremely important to its overall taste. The aroma locates the purchase decision of a beer. The market segments that use this attribute to purchase a beer are mostly experienced. The experience and the age determine the attribute. Appearance The process of buying a beer begins with its visual appearance.Many people make hasty judgments of taste (food or drink) based entirely on sight alone. besides as far as appearance goes, what youre looking for are color, clarity, and head retention. The companies need to focus on these attributes in order to determine a valid taste for beer buyer preference. Taste Taste is one of the most important matters which determine the purchase of the beer. The repeat purchase takes place when the taste of the beer suits a customer. A taste test would be the ideal test to be performed to exactly know what the preference of the customers is.Aftertaste (Finish) The term aftertaste is non a negative thing like many would believe. An aftertaste can be bad, or it can be good. It all depends on your personal preference. The aftertaste will magnify the good and the bad qualities a beer will possess. These are the four attributes which are important in determining the purchase decision of a beer. Q3 should television networks and stations accept advertise victimisation comparative ads? what standards (and do) they use in making decisions? Standards of Beer advertisingBeer advertising should not suggest directly or indirectly that any of the laws applicable to the deal and pulmonary tuberculosis of beer should not be complied with. Brewers should adhere to contemporary standards of good taste applicable to all commercial advertising and consistent with the medium or background in which t he advertising appears. Advertising themes, creative aspects, and placements should reflect the fact that brewers are responsible corporate citizens. Brewers strongly oppose abuse or inappropriate consumption of their products. The standards the television networks should follow areBeer advertising and merchandising materials should not portray, encourage, or condone drunk driving. Although beer advertising and marketing materials may show beer being consumed (where permitted by media standards), advertising and marketing materials should not depict situations where beer is being consumed rapidly, excessively, involuntarily, as part of a drinking game, or as a result of a dare. Beer advertising and marketing materials should not portray persons lacking control over their behavior, movement, or speech as a result of consuming beer or in any expressive style suggest that such conduct is acceptable.Beer advertising and marketing materials should not portray other brands of beer as low quality and standard than there beer. This technique should not be used only while advertising their product. Beer advertising and marketing materials should not portray beer drinking before or during activities, which for safety reasons require a high degree of alertness or coordination. Retail outlets where beer is served or sold portrayed in advertising should not be depicted as unkempt or unmanaged.

Customer Perception Towards Mobile Banking

CUSTOMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS MOBILE BANKING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIAPurpose The objective of this paper is to interpret customer perception towards prompt banking and finding signifi rouset factors in India.Design/Methodology/Approach The interrogation methodology is largely base on extensive literature review and is based on exploratory research followed by descriptive analysis. The info collected thorough questionnaire, which is based on both open ended and closed ended questions. The questionnaire is based on Likert scale. The data is analyzed through Factor analysis.Findings The important factors that affect the perception of customers towards mobile banking be gimmick, security department, faith on traditionalistic banking and awareness. Research limitation/implications This study is based on the data collected form major(ip) metro cities of India. The study is based on customers availing the mobile banking function. The findings of the paper screwingnot be generalized, as the sampling technique is non-probability sampling. Practical implications The results of this paper will encour while mobile banking service providers to strengthen the security policy and provide augmented services to attract new customers. wallpaper Type Research Paper Key Words nimble Banking Customer Perception Factor Analysis India INTRODUCTION In recent years, the technological developments in information technology have lead to the evolution of a new concept in Banking Industry i. e. smooth banking. restless banking is give awaylined as the fount of execution of financial services in the course of which within an electronic procedure the customer uses mobile communication techniques in conjunction with mobile devices (Pousttchi and Schurig 2004). Moreover, it is defined as a channel hereby the customer interacts with a bank via a mobile device, much(prenominal) as a mobile phone or individualised digital assistant (Barnes and Corbitt 2003, Scornavac ca and Barnes 2004). The evolution of Mobile banking has fundamentally transformed the way banks traditionally conduct their businesses and the ways consumers perform their banking However the success of Mobile banking is not going smoothly, its full of problems. Firstly the adoption of Mobile banking has not kept pace with that of mobile devices like mobile phones, PDAS and so forthThis gap is attributed to the lack of depone among bank customers, particularly between Internet and mobile device drug users in the age free radical of 45 and greater than 55. Secondly, customers exempt have faith on face-to-face interaction trance concerned with their money due to reasons such as fear of the online environment and lack of trust in the Internet and mobile devices systems. Recent literature on Mobile banking showed that the formation of trust can help reduce the impact of key inhibiting factors such as fears about using the online service among non Mobile banking customers.The custo mer perception towards Mobile banking is determineled by variety of factors, few within the firms control and few beyond the control of the firm. These days Mobile banking has facilitated the customers to avail any services just by the click of the buttons of mobile phones or PDAS. exclusively at the same time the customers are concerned about the security of their transactions and other personal information. As more and more customers are qualification increasing use of Mobile banking services it becomes imperative to examine the factors that affect customer expectation and satisfaction.LITERATURE REVIEWElectronic banking is regarded as on of the close successful business to consumer applications in electronic commerce (Pousttchi and Schuring, 2004). The mobile phone is one of the most integral parts of customers lives and its use is growing in the world. The mobile banking offers various kind of services like to request the account balance, latest transactions of the account, transfer fund between accounts, to make buy and sell orders for the stock exchange and to receive portfolio and charge information.Various studies indicate that perceived financial cost (Luarn and Lin, 2005) and perceived complexity (Lee et al. , 2003) inhibits he use and adoption of mobile banking services. Security aspects are argued as an important concerns in the adoption of mobile banking (Brown et al. , 2003, Luarn and Lin, 2005). Contrary to previous findings, some studies have argued that security issues are not perceived by customer to be major obstacles in mobile banking transactions (Sournata, 2003 Laukkanen and Lauronen, 2005). These studies state that, mobile baking was found a secure way to conduct banking transactions by the users.However, Suranta (2003) found that mobile services were nit used since they were perceived as impractical and not sufficiently diversified. Gonzalez (2008) stated that M-commerce has many advantages over conventional banking system as it ha s reduced geographical boundaries and has enabled the customers to avail the services 24*7 hours just by clicking the buttons of their mobile phones and other mobile devices. It enables the users to access their account, get their account information, do transactions and avail other facilities without much delay and efforts.As per prediction of Broadie (2007) the Mobile banking is leading to a paradigm shift in marketing practices resulting in high execution of instrument in the banking industry. Delivery of service in banking can be provided efficiently only when the background operations are efficient. An efficient background operation can be conducted only when it is integrated by an electronic system. The components like data, hardware, software, network and people are the essential elements of the system. Banking customers get satisfied with the system when it provides them maximum convenience and comfort while transacting with the bank.Internet enabled electronic system faci litate the operation to fetch these result. But it is very important to maintain the security aspect while customers avail services via mobile devices or wireless network because the customers are very sensitive with their personal informations and other transaction details, thence the service provider must ensure effective security checks to ensure error free service and safe transactions.PURPOSE OF THE STUDYThe objective of this paper is to study the customer perception towards Mobile banking and finding important factors affecting customer perception in India.ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONDemographic analysis is done to know the perception of mobile banking various age group of people with different occupation (Refer Table. 1). This analysis shows that there is significance difference in the usage of mobile banking between male and female. Age group of 35-45 uses this service quite often. The KMO and Bartletts Test indicates the suitability of the data for factor analysis. Kaiser-Meyer -Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacys value (Refer Table. 2) is 0. 755 which is greater than 0. 5. This indicates that a factor analysis will be useful with our data.From the above table, we can interpret that there is no error in 75. 5% of the sample and in the remaining 24. 5%, there may occur some sort of error. The value of significance level is 0. 000 that is less than 0. 05. So there is a satisfying relationship among the variables. About 66. 185% of the total segmentation in the 16 variables is attributable to the depression four components. (Refer Table. 3). It can be seen that character 1 explains a variance of 6. 230, which is 38. 934% of total variance Component 2 explains a variance of 1. 718, which is 10. 735% of total variance Component 3 explains a variance of 1. 23, which is 8. 894% of total variance and Component 4 explains a variance of 1. 220, which is 7. 622% of total variance. From this table we can make the following factor matrix. The rotated component matr ix helps to determine what the components represent (Refer Table. 4). The first factor i. e.CONVENIENCE is most highly correlated with V1, V6, V8, V10, V11, V12 and V15. The second factor i. e.SECURITY is most highly correlated with V3, V7, V14 and V15. The third factor i. e.TRADITIONAL BANKINGS is most highly correlated with V2and V16. The fourth factor i. e. AWARENESS is most highly correlated with V4, V5 and V9.Factor Matrix Factor No. Eigen Value Factor promise Items Items Loading Total % of Variance 1 CONVENIENCE 6. 230 38. 934 Easy to Use 0. 93 Location Free Access to services 0. 785 Real Time plain to Information 0. 776 Save Time 0. 764 Save Transaction Cost 0. 79 Easy Third Party Transactions 0. 651 Online aviator Payments 0. 489 2 SECURITY 1. 718 10. 735 face-to-face Information Safe 0. 803 Reliable Services 0. 95 Error Free Transactions 0. 644 Cashless Banking 0. 519 3 TRADITIONAL BANKING 1. 220 8. 894 On sight Transaction 0. 555 Availability of Mobile banking Services 0. 19 4 AWARENESS 1. 423 7. 622 Point Of Presence 0. 874 Advertisements By Banks 0. 772 SMS/Messages Related Mobile banking Services 0. 671 The above four factors have been explained as low FACTOR-1 CONVENIENCE V10- Easy to Use. V8- Location Free Access to services. V6- Real Time Excess to Information. V1- Save Time. V11- Save Transaction Cost. V12- Easy Third Party Transactions. V13- Online Bill Payments. FACTOR-2 SECURITY V3- Personal Information Safe. V7- Reliable Services. V14- Error Free Transaction. V15- Cashless Banking. FACTOR-3 TRADITONAL BANKING V2- On sight Transaction. V16- Availability of Mobile banking Services. FACTOR-4 AWARENESS V4- Point Of Presence. V5- Advertisements By Banks. V9- SMS/Messages Related Mobile banking Services. CONCLUSION This study was under taken to know the perception of mobile banking in India. Mobile banking is in very nascent stage in India and ver y few banks are providing this kind of facility to the customer.The detailed research and field study was carried out with usage of SPSS 16 software. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed on this software. Convenience, security, traditional banking and awareness are factors that measure the perception of mobile banking. The demographic study indicates that the people of greater than 45 years age are not homy with the mobile banking this is because of either their faith on onsite transaction and not easily accept the newer technology because of lack of awareness and its advantages.The results of this study suggest that there would be greater challenges for banks and mobile manufacturers to gain the trust among the all age of the people. Proper integration between banks and mobile manufacturers would gain trust by ensuring excellent security through advance reliable technology. This would augment the usage of the mobile banking in India In order to get maximum advantage of the mobile banking following suggestions can utilize to attract bank customers to use mobile banking in the futureFirst banks should realize the advantage of the mobile banking and provide this services to the customer. The positive principle can be made in the mind of customers by providing sufficient information on the benefits of mobile banking. In order to achieve this objective, banks should provide user manual that contains details on mobile banking, including usefulness and ease of use. This can also be achieved by establishing counter for mobile banking that gives all the information regarding mobile banking. This will influence customers decision to use mobile banking.Banks should ensure greater safety by adopting advance newer technology and should give more importance of confidentiality of personal identification number. Banks can organize workshops on mobile commerce applications to increase customers familiarity and understanding of mobile banking.LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY This study cannot be generalized as the sample has been taken form the major metro cities of India. Mobile banking users perception is measured in this paper. So further research can be carried out considering mobile baking user and non-user to get better picture of perception towards mobile banking in India.REFERENCES1. Barnes, S. J. & Corbitt, B. (2003). Mobile banking concept and potential. International Journal of Mobile Communications, 1 (3), 273-288. 2. Brodie, H Winklhofer. 2007). Is e-marketing Coming of Age? An Examination of the Penetration of e- marketing and Firm Performance. J. Innterac. Market, 212-21. 3. Brown, I. , Cajee, Z. , Davies, D. , Stroebel, S. (2003), Cell phone banking predictors of adoption in South Africa an exploratory study, International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 23 No. 5, pp. 381-94. 4. Gonzalez, M. E. (2008). An Alternative Approach in Service Quality An E-Banking Case Study. Quality Manage, 15 41-48. 5. Laukkanen, T. , Lauronen, J. (2 005), Consumer value grounding in mobile banking services, International Journal of Mobile Communications, Vol. No. 4, pp. 325-38. 6. Lee, M. S. Y. , McGoldrick, P. F. , Keeling, K. A. , Doherty, J. (2003), Using ZMET to explore barriers to the adoption of 3G mobile banking services, International Journal of sell & Distribution Management, Vol. 31 No. 6, pp. 340-8. 7. Luarn, P. , Lin, H. H. (2005), Toward an understanding of the behavioral intention to use mobile banking, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 21 No. 6, pp. 873-91. 8. Pousttchi, K. & Schurig, M. (2004). Assessment of todays mobile banking applications from the view of customer requirements.Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, Hawaii. 9. Scornavacca, E. & Barnes, S. J. (2004). Mobile banking services in lacquer a strategic perspective. International Journal of Mobile Communications, 2 (1), 51-66. 10. Suoranta, M. (2003), Adoption of mobile banking in Finland, Jyvaskyla , Finland, doctoral thesis.ANNEXURE I Table1 Percentage of Respondents on the basis of Age and Occupation Age - 18-25 25-35 35-45 45-55

The Port of Singapore: a Reflective Essay

Company Address 08 Fall The way of capital of capital of Singapore Prepared by Rajib Das, Student 38410098 This document discuses most the manner of Singapore and the strategical im mannerance of its location to the modern traders. It also discusses the government inducements and the Advanced Information engine room that the port wine has been using to attract refreshful enterping companies in the youthful past. Anything beyond is not discussed for the limitation of the term paper. Table of Contents The Port of Singapore3 Singapore Strategic Importance of the Geographic localisation of function. 4 The Adoption of IT 6Government Incentives9 Competition10 Conclusions11 Appendix12 Citations16 The port of singapore Over the survive 40 years, the military personnel has been awestruck with the unbelievable offset of the island nation into a major transportation epicentre of global trading. In the 1970s ,the Port of Singapore pioneered the first container port in the history . By 1980s the port hit its first milestone of handling 1 zillion TEUs and within the next 10 years by 1990s (Port of Singapore Annual Reports), the port was handling 5 million TEU (Twenty foot equivalent container units)per annum.Today, intimately 20 years after the big landmark, the port handles over 28 million TEUs (Port of Singapore Annual Reports) per year making it the second outstandingst port in the entire world after the Port of Shanghai in hurt of Container traffic. The container freight rates from the Port of Singapore comprise of one fifth of the worlds container shipment volume (Authority). The port also takes immense pride in shipping half of the worlds annual naked oil supply. In terms of total cargo volume, the port handles about 500000 thousand freight tonnes per year (Authority) which makes it the second busiest port in the world after the Port of Shanghai .Today the Port Singapore is connected to 123 ports of the world spreading over 123 countries and 6 con tinents, making it one of the most important ports of the world. Singapore Strategic Importance of the Geographical Location The importance of the Geographical location of Singapore has been largely signifi micklet since trading started between Asian, North Ameri raft and the European continents. The Singapore Strait has been used intemperately for trading by the Romans, Chinese, Arabs, Greeks and the Indians since time immemorial (Gupta).After the Suez Canal opened in the mid 1800s, the Singapore Strait befool become a vital linkage of trade between the powerful European nations and East Asia. The Singapore Strait is attractive to traders because it is the shortest and cheapest sea-link between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean (Gupta). With the advent of the large japanese car manufacturing industry , the text editionile industry of South Asia and the atrocious outsourcing of the North American manufacturing plants in the last 30 years, Asia is no longer a continent which mainly exports low-valued raw materials to be processed in the West.The flow of more expensive manufactured goods from the East to the West have proliferated in the last 30 years. (Sie) As a result, shipping and transportation costs have become even get along less inelastic fostering the immense growth of the shipping industry of Singapore. Although it is often not in the limelight, but the South-east Asian nations have a large base of oil- refineries which have led to the dim shipping traffic of the crude oil through the strait of Singapore. Taiwan has a oil refining capacity of . 54 million b/cd and South Korea has a capacity of 1 million b/cd alongside Singapore.Japan and China tops the list with a capacity of 4. 7 and 2. 2 million b/cd respectively. (Olson) Apart from China which has a self-sustaining production of crude oil, every other nations depend on the Middle-Eastern countries for their oil supplies. Japan alone imported 130 million tonnes and 195 million tonnes of cru de oil from the Middle-East and the African nations in the years 1990 and 2010 respectively (Olson). Owing to these heavy demand for crude oil, the Port of Singapore has been responsible for transporting half of the worlds oil supply in the year 2010.Owing to its prime geographic location and heavy government incentives and a base of Information Technology discussed later in the paper, majority of the exports from Singapore is based on re-exports from other countries . There are about 60000 ship movements annually in the Strait of Singapore. In 2010, the Port of Singapore transhipped 17447,000 TEUs which constituted almost 82 (Statistics)% of Singapores annual export . Today, the port of Singapore is the busiest Port in the World in terms of transhipment of containers.Port of Singapore Operations The Port of Singapore has 6 terminals to accommodate all types of vessels-ocean liners, lighters, cargo freighters, coasters, secernate bulk carriers and container ships. The 6 terminals are Keppel Terminal, Brani Terminal, Pasir Panjang Terminal, Sembawang Wharves and Pasir Panjang Wharves . The Wharves terminals can facilitate all kinds of vessel while the other terminals are specialized meant for the containers vessels. The Port of Singapores containers facilities are listed as follows * Number of Terminals 4 Area 436 hectares * Designed capacity 24700 kTEU * Quay cranes 143 * Maximum draft 16 m * Quay length 12800 m According to the world(prenominal) Competitive Report published by the World Economic fabrication, Port of Singapore ranked the best port in terms of facilities and received a rating of 6. 76 out of a uttermost 7. The adoption of information applied science Over the last few years The Port of Singapore has invested to a great extent in Information Technology which means that processes now are overmuch faster, more reliable and more cost effective for the consumers.Making the most out of the a la mode(p) automation technology, information techn ology and wireless communications, the Port of Singapore combined its large domain knowledge in container operations with the latest technology such as CITOS(Computer Integrated Terminal Operations transcription), PORTNET and Flow through Gate Technology. CITOS(Computer Integrated Terminal Operating System) Singapore Ports capacious network and heavy shipping traffic is very efficiently controlled by Computer Integrated Terminal Operations System(CITOS).CITOS is a Resource Planning System that keeps track of every asset from prime movers to yard cranes to quay cranes to containers and drivers. in the lead CITOS was introduced, resources were allocated to a certain place in the port and they stayed there unless it was needed somewhere else. With CITOS, resources can be much easily coordinated and allocated. 60 different vessels harbour the Singapore Port on a given day. Although a lot of these vessels induce out of schedule, CITOS make sure that they tiret have to wait in the ha rbour for a minute.When any shipping line applies for a berth, the ship stowage and the shipping connection information is sent to the port through PORTNET . The CITOS agreement begins planning the berth of the shipping line almost 72 hours preceding arrival which means that the system also compute other alternatives in case that the vessel is off schedule. This means that for almost all the vessels that harbour the Port of Singapore, there is almost zero waiting time. (Authority) Once a ship is harboured, the quay cranes operated by the CITOS system start discharging containers destined for other ports and load boxes brought in by other vessels.Once containers are unloaded on the dock, they are not randomly sybaritic on the yard. The Information about the container is fed into the system and CITOS generates a ship stowage and yard layout plans base on the followe factors in order of importance * Special requirements (e. g. Dangerous goods, tight connections etc) * Destination * Ship stability (for further stowage planning) * Size * Weight The CITOS system provides many competitive advantages to the Port of Singapore. It allows the system to keep track and locate every single container on the port.It allows the maximum use of land and optimize efficacy. Last, but not the least, it ensures maximum utilization of each individual resource since it is pre-planned by the system beforehand. PORTNET PORTNET is a network armed service that provides internet connectivity to the entire port community with a single sign-on network portal. The system provides interconnectivity between vessels, freight forwarders, government agencies and haulers. This helps them to synchronize and manage information much better.PORTNET Singapore has about 8000 users who use the system to get real time, detailed information on all port, logistics and shipping processes and use it to make critical decisions in their business. The main functions of PORTNET Singapore is summarized below * Enable shipping companies to monitor their own performance * Provide a documentation portal between the consumers and the shipping company, * Managing efficiency for transhipment processes of the vessels * Supporting real time information exchanges between shipping line alliances. FLOW THROUGH GATEThe Flow through gate system is a sustainable paper-less system that helps truck drivers to identify the specific containers that is needed to be loaded onto the truck within a span of 20-25 seconds. On average, the system processes about 8000 trucks per day. Before the driver arrives at the dock, he submits a requisition for the containers through the PORTNET system. After the driver arrives at the Port gate, he verifies his identity through a fingermark biometric reader or by punching in his unique identification number. The gate scans the trucks dashboard and identifies the truck.The Container number Recognition system captures the container number with a close circuit camera. The sys tem then matches these information against the information provided during requisition and clears the truck for entry. After the driver enters the port, the system sends a text message to the drivers mobile phone with the precise information about the location in the dock where the containers would be ready to be stacked onto the truck. Government incentives The Government of Singapore had a major role to play in the boom of the shipping industry in the last 40 years.Singapore has 5 Free Trade Zones to encourage Re-exports of goods from other countries. Under the Free Trade Act goods could be cleaned ,sorted, distributed, repacked, assembled or sold in accordance with the Act. Under the Act, transhipment goods can be stored in Singapore free of charge with very little custom bureaucracies. In 1991 , The Singapore government enacted the Approved International Shipping(AIS) Enterprise incentive under which shipping companies based on Singapore could be exempted from corporate taxes fo r the initial 10 years and can be renewed even if they dont own their own vessel.In 2009, the Government of Singapore announced their goal of making Singapore the global maritime knowledge hub of the world. Since then the government have heavily invested in research and development of Information Technology in the shipping industry and the Port of Singapore. It has introduced the Maritime Cluster Fund which offers financial specie for training ,various research, engineering and innovation under this field. Such HR incentives have definitely smoothened the transition of a lot of shipping companies to Singapore in the last two and a half years.COMPETITION As discussed earlier, the Singapore Strait have grown massive importance in the last few decades. Today, Singapore faces massive competition from the neighbouring ports especially from the port of Tenjung Peepas in Malaysia. In the early 2000, 10 % of the Singapores container volume moved to the port in Malaysia owing to the cheap h andling charges in the neighbouring country. Statistics shows that, handling charges were about 30-40% im receive than Singapore. Many of the neighbouring ports have below-par facilities compared to the Port of Singapore.Hence many of these ports can afford to have much lower handling and receiving charges. Although Singapore have a much better reputation, the comparatively more expensive nature of the Port of Singapore is going to continue to pose a threat to the port in the years to come. COnclusion The Port of Singapore has a great reputation being the trade epicentre of the world and for being one of the best sea port in the world. Although the port has an excellent past reputation, the 21st century will bring about new challenges and competition from neighbouring ports such as Malaysia.The Government of Singapore is doing its best by harnessing advanced Information technology at the Port and providing different government incentives to trammel its competitive standing. In res ponse, many of the foreign companies such as Clarkson, Swiss Re, Shipowners P&I club and Rolls Royce have moved their marine provide to Singapore in the last few years. As the supremacy for leading ports unfolds, more shipping companies will be taking government incentives and Information Technology for granted.Today more firms are showing interest in ports which have established legal, financial and logistics sector. It will be interesting to see ho the Port of Singapore respond to these new challenges in the years to come. Appendix Table 2. Containers handled at the PSA terminals (source PSA annual report 2000) Year Million TEUs handled 1989 4. 36 1990 5. 22 1991 6. 35 1992 7. 55 1993 9. 04 1994 10. 39 1995 11. 84 1996 12. 93 1997 14. 12 1998 15. 1 1999 15. 9 Appendix 2 Port Rankings according to the World Economic Forum Table 1.Ranking of ports on port facilities as presented in the global competitiveness report published by the world economic forum Rank domain Rating for port facilities are extensive and efficient (1 strongly disagree, 7 strongly agree) 1 Singapore 6. 76 2 Netherlands 6. 64 3 Canada 6. 42 4 Germany 6. 38 5 Hong Kong SAR 6. 38 6 United States 6. 27 7 Finland 6. 26 8 Belgium 6. 17 9 Denmark 6. 16 10 new-fangled Zealand 5. 82 Appendix 3 14. 1 SEA CARGO AND SHIPPING STATISTICS 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Vessel Arrivals Number 145,383 130,318 128,922 128,568 131,695 130,575 127,299Shipping Tonnage (000 GT) 910,180 1,151,791 1,314,990 1,459,221 1,621,065 1,784,669 1,919,408 number Cargo (000 tonnes) 325,591 423,268 448,504 483,616 515,415 472,300 503,342 General 199,577 262,265 281,393 314,917 336,425 280,349 313,683 Bulk 126,014 161,003 167,111 168,699 178,991 191,951 189,659 Total Container Throughput (000 TEUs) 17,087 23,192 24,792 27,935 29,918 25,867 28,431 Bunker Sales (000 tonnes) 18,651 25,479 28,379 31,546 34,936 36,387 40,853 Singapore Ship Registry (End of Period) Number 3,335 3,219 3,249 3,553 3,843 3,950 3,978 000 GT 23, 043 32,963 34,793 39,603 43,702 45,632 48,783Works Cited Authority, Port of Singapore. www. singaporepsa. com. Gupta, Sen. The Malacca Straits and the Indian Ocean A Study of the Strategic and jural Aspects of a Controversial Sea-lane. New Delhi, 1974. Olson, Hal F. Tanker traffic and shipping routes. n. d. Port of Singapore Annual Reports. Port of Singapore, 1970-2010. Sie, Chia Lin. The Straits of Malacca and Singapore Navigational, Resources, and Environmental Considerations. southeastward Asian Seas Frontiers for Development, 1981. Statistics, Singapore Department of. Yearbook of Statistics? . 2011.

Importance of breakfast Essay

Wonder why your mom is behind you everyday insisting on having feed in when you leave for college, trail or work? Well she is right. eat is important for each one of us. Lets find out how?Breakfast which liter every(prenominal)y means severance an overnight fast is the first meal of the day. This is the most important meal of the day. According to Ayurveda as well, food is digested best in the morning. Thus, heavy food stuffs alike(p) paranthas, laddoos, etc. can be had in the morning. This is because body is constantly using up energy during night for important body functions like pumping blood to all the parts of the body, brea tighteng, etc. Our body is starving the entire night speckle we argon sleeping and using up stored energy for performing the vital functions. Hence, furnish body early morning is extremely important to maintain adequate blood sugar levels and prevent the body from fatigue and tiredness entire day.Breakfast is extremely important for children and adol escents, as children who wear a proper breakfast are to a greater extent likely to have recrudesce concentration, problem solving skills and separate coordination than children who skipped breakfast.Breakfast eaters are at a lower risk of gaining weight compared to those who skip breakfast. This is because breakfast tailors hunger throughout the day and these people make better choices at lunch and other meals. On the contrary, people who skip breakfast thinking they can save a few calories execute to eat more at lunch and other meals leading to weight gain.The last meal for us is dinner and the difference between dinner and breakfast is nearly twelve hours. A person who skips breakfast, for him, this duration extends up to 16 hours approximately. Our body is constantly at work and needs energy for the same. If we extend the difference between our dinner and next meal, chances are there that we might get fatigued and tired early. This affects the quality of work we do.Hence fo r this, breakfast is needed.Research says that people who eat breakfast have healthier diet overall. They eat bouncing and make healthier choices. Those who consume breakfast cereals consume more vitamins and minerals needed for body function.Breakfast in any case plays a role in improving mood as complex carbohydrate cereals have a positive effect on mood.Research make in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition states that breakfast omission is associated with an increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes in men.Having seen the benefits of breakfast, let us take for out some(prenominal) healthy breakfast optionsOats in milk with apple.Egg white omellete with chapatti and orange juice.Moong cheela and milkshake.Cottage cheese (paneer)/sprouts parantha with lassi (low fat and sugar).Broken wheat berry dalia/lapsi and buttermilk alongwith a fruit.Oil free ragi idli/dosa with sambhar alongwith a fruit.Breakfast put ups essential nutrients so that you can start off your day well and stay busy throughout. Skipping breakfast forget have detrimental effect on health in the long run.So, eat your breakfast wisely and stay energeticDo you know that breakfast is the most important meal of the day? A good breakfast provides the nutrients that people need to start their day off right.Studies showing that children who eat a good breakfast do better in school thanchildren who do not.Studies also show a link between federation in the School Breakfast Program and improved academic performance and psycholsocial behavior.Children who eat a good breakfast tend to perform better in school, and have a better attendance and lessen hyperactivity. Children who dont eat breakfast tend to perform not as well, and also tend to have behavior problems such as fighting, stealing, and not listening to their teachers (Dr. Ronald Kleinman, Harvard Medical School).The School Breakfast Program provides a nutritious meal to children who might differently not eat breakfast, and is designed to p rovide children with one-fourth of their daily nutrients. This program offers fruit, cold cereal and milk daily, and some Coldwater Schools buildings also offer a sort of hot dishes like breakfast pizza, pancake wraps, and oatmeal.If your child eats breakfast at home, choose a breakfast with milk, fruit and cereal(grain product). These three foods can provide for a good breakfast. Eating a healthy breakfast does not need to take a lot of time.In the next column you will find some quick and healthy breakfast ideas.The importance of breakfastEveryone knows that the key to successful weight loss is a combination of regular exercise, healthy eating and a positive mind. Theres no point working out five days a week if youre discharge to give in to temptation and inhale three kebabs and a packet of Tim Tams when you get home. Healthy eating doesnt necessarily mean dieting, it refers instead to eating sensible, balanced amounts of the right foods at the right times and that includes a good breakfast. Theres a reason why people have tell for many years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. After six, seven or eight hours if youre lucky of sleep, your body and wittiness need some fuel to power and prepare them for the day ahead. Like a car, you cant run on an empty tank, you need some petrol. Its a well known fact that people who eat breakfast lose more weight than people who dont and this is referable to several reasons 1.Breakfast provides the energy your body requires in order to perform activities. Therefore, youre not so tired and can do more. 2.It kickstarts the body into producing the enzymes needed to metabolise fat, helping to shed the pounds. 3.Eating a good breakfast withholds you full for longer and may make you less likely to reach for snacks. In addition, breakfast is principally good for you.Those who eat breakfast are 50 per cent less likely, according to US researchers, to have blood sugar problems. Consequently, they have a decreased risk of developing diabetes or having high cholesterol levels which could lead to heart disease. Also, some breakfast foods such as grains, seeds and dried fruit provide vitamins and minerals that are hard to find in other foods. People who dont eat breakfast often complain that its too early to eat or that they dont have time in the morning. Paltry excuses Ways to rectify this include not eating too late the eventide before, going to bed earlier or eating breakfast on the train/ bus on the way to work. Who wouldnt want to eat breakfast with such an array of delicious morning munchies options available? Uninspired? Try some of these Make your own muesli by toasting some oats, then adding seeds, soft and fruit as desired. Slice a banana on top, garnish with blueberries and pour on some yoghurt.This high fibre option will keep you full until lunchtime and the nutrients derived from the seeds, nuts and fruit will do all sorts of good. Alternatively, how about blasting lots of lovely fruit up into a smoothie, which you could intoxication on the way to work? Smoothies are far more filling than you might imagine and allow you to be in reality creative. Experiment with flavour combinations, thin out a little with water, milk, fruit juice or low-fat yoghurt and enjoy. For traditionalists, two slices of wholemeal bread with a scraping of butter and some Vegemite or a bowl of whole-grain cereal is fine. Top with honey or dried fruit for sugar and splash over some semi-or skimmed milk to reduce the refined sugar and fat content. To say breakfast is the most important meal of the day underplays how significant it really is. Providing energy, nutrients and warding off chronic conditions, can you really afford not to eat it? mproved GradesEating breakfast can improve cognitive performance, test scores and achievement scores in students, especially in younger children. According toa study published in the journal Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, students who increased their participation in school breakfast programs had significantly higher math scores than students who skipped or rarely ate breakfast. As an added benefit, the group of students who increased breakfast participation also had decreased grade of tardiness and absences. Increased ConcentrationStudents who eat a low-glycemic, balanced breakfast may have better concentration and more positive reactions to difficult tasks than students who eat a carbohydrate-laden breakfast. According to research published in Physiology and Behavior, students given a low-glycemic breakfast were able to sustain attention longer than children given a high-glycemic breakfast. Children following the low-glycemic breakfast plan also had improved memory and fewer signs of frustration when working on school tasks. Try old-fashioned oatmeal with a handful of walnuts or some scrambled eggs with spinach, peppers and a sprinkle of cheese. Weight MaintenanceEating breakfast regularly may als o help students maintain a healthy weight. According to a study published in Public Health Nutrition, children who skipped breakfast in the morning were more likely to overeat and have a lower overall diet quality than children who ate breakfast every day. This led to increased body mass index, or BMI, measurements. ConsiderationsWhile eating any breakfast is better than skipping breakfast altogether, some choices are better than others. Carbohydrate-only breakfasts, such as bagels and toast, can give energy for one to two hours, while complete breakfasts that contain a balance of protein, fat and carbohydrates can keep blood sugar levels steady for hours, according to MealsMatter.org. Try some toast with unimportant butter and a piece of fruit or cereal with milk and glass of 100 percent fruit juice. If you have time, make an omelet with cheese, broccoli and some turkey bacon.

Ethical Decisions Essay

Every individual is faces with ethical decisions every mean solar day in both their mortalal and professional lives. To avoid devising unethical decisions, one moldiness accredit what leads to poor decision making. Once a person bangs what leads to the poor decision, they must find courses to decline making an unethical act. A person cannot admit the right choice if they do not know how to avoid it. A leader must also know how to inspire ethical decisions within their staff. This makeup covers ways to avoid making poor decisions and ways to making ethical ones.Poor Decision Characteristics spot there be many ways one can be ethical, Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt suggest there are three essential traits one makes when a poor decision is made (1966/2010, p. 115). The fist common misapprehension of poor decision-making is when one forgets the goal that was previous set by him or herself or the organization. A person or the organization must keep all of their goals in mi nd when making decision, and many times individuals forget these goals. Overconfidence is another trait of poor decision-making. One aspect of cocksureness being that zilch lead notice a little mistake made for correction later. For exercise, a manager whitethorn take a a couple of(prenominal) dollars from the business expecting to put it back later and then a few more and later still more. However tomorrow never comes and before long, that first few dollars turns into hundreds or thousands. In the organization of my employment a small loan company as come up as the owners stock car team on the side exists.The loan company sponsors the racing, and a year ago, the organization moved from the Midwest to the heart of NASCAR country. Once the owner arrived, he decided to steal the best equipment for the race team using funds from the loan company. While the spending spree may have been ok in the past, the owner did not take into account that need of hiring and training of so re employees. When the new employees made poor lending decisions, combined with his spending, the organization almost went bankrupt. The other aspect of overconfidence is confirmation bias or wemust be doing things the right way because all has gone intumesce in the past (Mallor et al., 1966/2010, p. 116).The overconfidence shows in the example of the overspending by the owner of the organizations disputation Oh, it will all work out, because it always has. The last trait of poor decision-making occurs when the issues are too intricate and not realized for their complexity. Individuals may not realize the complexity of the issue and underestimate the issue. In the lending business, should we as an organization not know the laws of each state when it comes to lending, we can face serious well-grounded issues should we make a loan to a resident of a state in which short end point lending, such as we do, is illegal.Resisting Unethical ActsResisting unethical acts, many times, is easier said than done. In order to do so, a person must first recognize that what they are about to do is unethical (Mallor et al., 1966/2010, p. 116). The first way to avoid making an unethical decision is to buy some time before acting. An individual must take some time, analyze the situation, and if need be, find other ways to accomplish the task at distribute without being unethical. The next tactic is to seek out help from a mentor or support group. While an individual may not have the ethical solution to a caper at hand, many times others will.There have been many times when I have seek the advice of others prior to making a decision, which I think may be unethical. Using the previous example of making a loan to someone in a state in which it is illegal, I may ask the advice of a co-worker before I make the loan. The last way to resist making an unethical act is to find a better solution in which everyone wins. This goes hand in hand with one buying some time before acting upon an unethical act. Analyzing the situation, and getting all the facts may lead to a decision in which one makes an ethical decision while meeting the requirements of the statement one has been given.Leading EthicallyWhen leading other individuals, it is imperative that one be ethical themselves, in order to lead ethically. A person, who is unethical, is going to inspire unethical behaviors in others. When members of an organization see that nobody happens to their leaders, others will fallinto the same unethical behavior and rationalize that what they are doing is ok as well (Mallor et al., 1966/2010, p. 119). Leaders must set the example of ethical behavior for others. Leaders must also pass around ethical values of the organization to the staff.How can an individual know what they are doing is unethical in the eye of the organization, if they do not know what is expected of them? The leader must continually communicate to the staff and inspire them of what is ethical behav ior. Another way to lead other ethically is to reinforce ethical behavior in the staff. When a leader sees an ethical decision made by a staff member, recognize their action. This will help that employee continue to make the right decision, and show others what is ethical behavior.ConclusionIn order to be ethical, one must know what makes ethical and unethical decisions in their lives. Recognizing what makes an unethical decision, and ways to avoid making them, will help one to makes the right choice. Analyzing the situation, weighing other options and alternatives will help one to make an ethical decision. For a leader, these tools will also help their staff make ethical decisions as well.ReferencesMallor, J., Barnes, A. J., Bowers, T., & Langvardt, A. W. (2010). backup law The ethical, global, and e-commerce environment (14th ed.). New York McGraw-Hill Irwin. (Original work published 1966)

Advertising and News Environment in Media Communications

The advertise and intelligence teaching environments in media communications ar catered to the interests of the targeted audience. Companies advertise toys on channels that children watch as a means of influencing them to require their parents to buy a specific item. Advertisements on a channel that broadcasts programs round the outdoors will have the products that are or so interesting to people who enjoy the outdoor experience. This language of advertising, although less apparent to communicator and audience alike, is firmly anchored to pagan norms and often says more about a societys psyche than the more obvious stereotypes of limit (Unwin, 1974, p. 4). The password environment in media communications is often more diversified because people who watch the news often belong to a wider variety of consumers from teenagers to parents. The concept of media planning is important so that the advertisements reach the associations targeted audience. The purpose of media planning is to conceive, analyze, and creatively select channels of communication that will direct advertising sums to the right people in the right place (Arens, 2009, p. 280).To gain a better understanding about the decision made by the advertising and news environments in the industry of media communications, it is necessary to determine the square off of advertising and news on society. Commercials often localise on introducing a product or service to the public, or providing subliminal messages inspiring brand loyalty whereas the information from a news press drop by the wayside provides vital information about upcoming events to both(prenominal) the internal and external publics of an organization.During the Anderson Cooper 360 degrees talk show, the advertisements seemed to focus on regular advertisements, but one of the major focuses was cellular devices. This segment covered the latest information available on the George Zimmerman, Treyvon Martin case. The controversy associa ted with the cellular peal calls placed by George Zimmerman and Treyvon Martin prompted cellular companies to attempt to trespass on the focus of cellular phones. The most dominant advertising force during the program was the computer and electronic device giant Apple Inc.The iPhone 5 advertisements intentions were to continue to put in the Iphone as the trump option for smart phone users. In June 2007, the Apple Corporation released one of the newest smart phones with the intentions of crushing the efforts of its tilt including the creators of the Blackberry and Android cellular phones. The targeted audience was cellular customers who wanted more from their smart phones. The ad reads base is believing encouraging people to enjoy the benefits of a cellular phone, iPod, and computer compatible with Apple computers both laptops and desktops.The effect of the advertisement is intended to spark interest in its targeted audience and continues to establish brand loyalty during this cellular phone revolution. The commercial that ran almost every commercial break implies that at this point cypher else matters but trying the new iPhone 5, upgrading a persons cellular phone experience, and an attempt to lark the attention of one of the newest cellular devices, the Galaxy S4. The advertisements for the Galaxy S4 cogitate on the phones faculty to send messages, search the Internet, and use social networking websites during on a phone call.Was this another subliminal message that focused on the phone conversation that Treyvon Martin was on during the altercation ? If he had a better phone could he have altered someone about the guy following him before it was too late. disregarding of the intentions, specific, or validating, of the Galaxy S4 the actions influenced by the agenda setting theory used by the company focused on the differences between the Galaxy S4 and the iPhone. These differences are often the determining factor between why a person picks one prod uct over another.Even though an furnish in the George Zimmerman case was the surface of the cellular phone conversation, the majority of the commercials were not directly related to the news story contained in the program. The news environment associated with the program Anderson Cooper 360 degrees, focused on the objectivity of the jury on the evidence presented in the case. The information presented had a balanced approach to the situation because some guests sided with the family of the victim whereas others were focused on the issue of self-defense. This balanced pproach questioned issues such as sensationalism, persuasion, and journalistic ethics. Because this case is a sensitive subject sparking questions of racial profiling, self-defense, and the protocol of a neighborhood watchman there were many issues intended to catch the attention of the audience. One flying field of focus were the laws associated with self-defense in the state of Florida.These laws, commonly referre d to as castle laws, stand-your-ground laws, or shoot first, ask questions later laws, have the common feature of strengthening legal protections for those use deadly force in self-defense (Holliday, 2012, p. 07, para. 1). The shoot first, ask questions later approach of George Zimmerman was criticized because of the recording of the phone call where the 9-11 operator told Zimmerman not to follow the individual. One of the major points of Anderson Cooper was that even though George Zimmerman had the right to protect himself, he was instructed to present the situation alone because a police unit was on the way to investigate the so-called comic individual. Had Mr. Zimmerman followed the instructions he would have been in a situation in which he believed he had to curb himself.CNNs program, Anderson Cooper 360 degrees focused on the sensitive elements and evidence associated with the George Zimmerman case. The program touched on the areas of objectivity, persuasion, sensationalism, and self-defense. The commercials had an indirect association with the information provided in the program. The frequent advertising of cellular devices was a subliminal tactic to establish brand loyalty, and make users question, or appreciate their current cellular phone carriers.However, outside the phone conversations held by Treyvon Martin with a friend, and George Zimmerman with the 9-11 operator the commercials during the program were random focusing on the average audience members interest. The news environment portrayed a surprising balance of opinions whereas the guests focused on the facts, laws, and any situational analysis conducted on the evidence available for the George Zimmerman case. The influence of advertising and news on society has a familiar approach with subliminal sodalities.

Readymade Garment Industry in India Essay

In depth merchandiseplace scenario includes Current market surface estimates, including domestic market and exports food market size by players Top Companies commercialise size by product categories (By Type) Mens have a bun in the oven, Womens wear , Kids wear , Other (Uniforms) marketplace size by regions North, South, East, WestMarket structure details the value orbit key players presence across products. Market practices include understanding the Opportunity in Readymade Garment sets business, market trends, Distribution structure and pricing in India.The report also provides a snapshot of key competition, ult market trends with forecast over the next 5 years, anticipated growth rates and the principal factors driving and impacting growthMarket data and analytics are derived from a combination of primary and secondary sources Table of meat slit 1 BackgroundScope of this researchResearch aim and objectivesResearch methodology ingredient 2 Executive SummaryMarket la ndscapeFuture opportunitySection 3 Market OverviewProduct classificationMarket structurePlayers presenceKey market trendsDistribution structure veritable(prenominal) price pointsSection 4 Estimate of Market Size in IndiaAll India market size Domestic, Exports, ImportsPast 3 years market growthSection 5 Market Share EstimatesMarket size by playersMarket size by product categoriesMarket size by regionsSection 6 Factors Impacting Market GrowthMarket driversMarket challengesMarket restraintsSection 7 Market prefigureOverall market forecast FY 13 to FY 185 years market forecast by product categoriesFor more information kindly visit http//www.marketreportsonindia.com/consumer-goods-market-research-reports-11507/opportunity-in-readymade-garment-industry-in-india-2014.html About MarketReportsonIndiaMarket Report on India is a portal where you can access thousands of reports on India starting from Aeronautics to Zinc (A-Z). We provide you with reports which will care you gain a better un derstanding of the Sectors, Companies, New Products and Latest trends.

Five Pillars of Islam and the confirmation Essay

The 5 Pillars of Islam and the 10 CommandmentsIslam and Christianity atomic number 18 both major(ip) religions in the world to twenty-four hours, with celebrateers from altogether walks of life and from every corner of the Earth. Each of these religions has its give birth teachings and beliefs nonwithstanding there argon similarities amongst some, if not, a majority of the essential teachings. Islam and Christianity both invite teachings and beliefs in a majority of the same prophets and messengers just the major split arises in the context that Christians take in the death and resurrection of delivery boy Christ while Muslims believe that Jesus did not die. Neverthe slight, the purpose of this paper is to illustrate, what whitethorn be to some, the infrastructure of both religions-more specific anyy, the 5 Pillars of Islam and the 10 Commandments of Christianity.The 5 Pillars of IslamThe word Islam in a religious sense substance submission to the will of paragon and obedience to His justness. Therefore, Islam is more of a way of life instead of merely organism a part of life. The 5 pillars of Islam refer to 5 duties that Muslims have to per shit wholeheartedly and diligently.The take hold The Pillars of Islam contains a good representation of how the 5 Pillars came into being, from the narration of Umar (May Peace be Upon Him), while he was oceannce with the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W)One twenty-four hour period while we were sitting with Allahs messenger, a man suddenly appe ard ahead us, wearing a very white dress and having very black hair, without any signs of journey upon him, and none of us knew him. He approached until he sat originally the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) with his knees touching the Prophets knees and he placed his hands on his thighs and said, O Muhammad inform me almost Islam.Allahs Messenger (S.A.W) said, Islam is to fork up come crossways that none has the right to be holinessped solely Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to offer the Salat, pay Zakat, fast during the month of Ramadan and to make Hajj if you be able and have the means to make the journey. The man said, You spoke the truth. We were affect at his asking and confirming at the same sentenceThe stranger and so asked the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) a few more questions which the Prophet (S.A.W) answered and thus the stranger left.The Prophet (S.A.W) reposeed seated for quite a while, past he asked me, OUmar, do you hold up who the questioner was? I said, Allah and his Messenger know best. He said, That was Jibrael, he came to teach you your religion.From this, we gutter see that the 5 ritual duties that the Prophet Muhammad set forth were as follows1.Pronouncing the excuse of belief (shahada or kalima)2.Performing the five daily prayers (salat)3.Fasting during the month of Ramadan (saum)4.Paying the alms tax (zakat)5.Performing, at least once in life, the major pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj).I.The Shahadah, o r profession of assuranceThe Shahada is the Arabic statement La ilah illa Allah wa Muhammad rasul Allah, convey There is no beau ideal but Allah and Muhammad is His prophet.The Britannica Encyclopedia defines Shahadah as followsThe first pillar is the profession of faith There is no deity but God, and Muammad is the messenger of God, upon which depends membership in the community. The profession of faith must(prenominal) be recited at least once in ones lifetime, aloud, correctly, and purposively, with an understanding of its meaning and with an accord from the heart. From this fundamental belief ar derived beliefs in (1) angels (particularly Gabriel, the Angel of Revelation), (2) the revealed Books (the Qurn and the sacred books of Judaism and Christianity), (3) a series of prophets (among whom figures of the Judeo-Christian tradition are particularly eminent, although it is believed that God has sent messengers to every nation), and (4) the Last Day (Day of Judgment).This pr ofession of faith must be done with sincerity and without any reservation. It is the foundation for all opposite beliefs and practices in Islam.II.Prayer or SalatThe bet on Pillar of Islam is prayer,And establish regular prayers at the dickens ends of the day and at the approaches of the iniquity for those things that are good remove those that are evil That is a reminder for the mindful. And be steadfast in patience For verily Allah (SWT) will not suffer the reward of the righteous to perish.Every Muslim is needed to pray 5 times a day. These prayers may be offered individually if one is unable to go to the mosque. The first prayer is performed before sunrise and is called Fajr, the second just after noon, the third in the late(a) afternoon, the fourth immediately after sunset, and the fifth before retiring to bed.The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to lead the fold of Muslims in Mecca and Medina in prayer, thus demonstrating to them the way in which prayer should be performed. The prayer consists of reciting the first Surah of the Quran, Al-Fatihah, referred to as the seven often repeated verses, followed by the recitation of a chosen verse or verses of the Quran and discordant praises to God. For each segment of the prayer, a Muslim adopts a distinguishing bodily position, beginning with standing and placing hands across the heart, and whence bowing and kneeling. Muslims repeat these positions a prescribed number of times depending on which prayer is being performed.The five daily prayers are the Morning Prayer, Fajr, the noon prayer, Dhur, the afternoon prayer, Asr, the evening prayer, Maghrib, and the night prayer, Ishaa. To pray five times a day is an obligation that every Muslim must adhere to except those exempted by Islamic law. III.Fasting or SaumEvery year in the month of Ramadan Muslims are required to abstain from food, soak up and sexual intercourse from dawn to dusk. In addition, Muslims are expected to refrain from anger, envy, greed, l ust, gossip, violence, bad language and other inappropriate thoughts and actions. Fasting is meant to encourage Muslims to seek nearness to Allah, be patient, and learn the hardships faced by the less fortunate.According to www.encarta.msn.com,According to various traditional interpretations, the fast introduces physical and spiritual discipline, serves to remind the rich of the misfortunes of the poor, and fosters, through and through this rigorous act of worship, a sense of solidarity and mutual care among Muslims of all social backgrounds. Thus Muslims commonly engage in further acts of worship beyond the ordinary during Ramadan, such as voluntary night prayer, reading sections from the Quran, and paying voluntary charity to the poor. Muslims may even choose to wake before sunrise to eat a meal that will sustain them until sunset.After the fasting ends, the holiday of breaking the fast, id al-fitr, begins, steadfast for trinity days.IV.Zakat or AlmsEvery Muslim is obligated t o pay a portion of his or her wealthiness for the benefit of the poor and needy. Zakat means purification and growth. This is an indication that our own wealth and possessions are purified by setting aside a portion for the poor and thosein need. The amount varies for different categories. For grains and fruits it is 10 pct if land is water supplyed by rain and 5 percent if land is watered artificially. On funds and precious metals it is 2.5 percent. A Muslim may also donate more as an act of Sadaqah (voluntary charity), in order to achieve additional reward from Allah.V.Hajj or PilgrimageHajj is a pilgrimage to the hallowed City of Makkah. Hajj occurs every year during the Islamic month of Dhul-Hijjah. Every Muslim who is physically and financially able is obligated to perform Hajj at least once in his or her lifetime. The hajj is the great of the two pilgrimages to Mecca required of all Muslims, the lesser pilgrimage is called Umra.www.religionfacts.com provides a good summar y of what happens during the time of HajjUpon arrival at the boundary of Mecca (about vi miles from the Kaba), pilgrims enter the state of ihram (purity) in which they will remain throughout the hajj. Males entering this pure state don the ihram garments two white, seamless sheets wrapped around the trunk and sandals. This aspect of the rite not only signifies the state of holiness the pilgrims have entered, but it serves to contribute to a sense of equality and unity by removing visual indicators of class, wealth and culture. Requirements for women are less stringent, but they usually dress in white with only faces and hands uncovered. While in the state of ihram, pilgrims must not cut t heritor nails or hair, engage in sexual relations, argue, stir or hunt.When he or she enters the city of Mecca, the pilgrim first walks around the Kaba seven times (the tawaf, or circumambulation) while reciting the talbiya, then kisses or touches the swart Stone in the Kaba, prays twice to wards the Station of Abraham and the Kaba and runs seven times amongst the small mountains of Safa and Marwa.The second stage of the hajj takes place mingled with the 8th and 12th days of Dhu al-Hijja, beginning with a discourse (khutba) at the mosque on the 7th day. On the eighth day and night, the pilgrim stays at Mina or Arafat. On the ninth day, the ritual of wuquf (standing) takes place at the small hill of Jabalal-Rahma in Arafat. The pilgrim then returns to Muzdalifa, a small town within the Meccan boundaries, to stay the night.The tenth day is Eid al-Adha (The Feast of Sacrifice), a major holiday observed by all Muslims. For those participating in the hajj, the day is spent in Mina, where the pilgrim sacrifices an tool to commemorate Abrahams sacrifice and throws seven small stones at each of three pillars on three consecutive days (the pillars represent sins and devils). The pilgrim then returns to Mecca, where he or she once again performs the tawaf (circumambulation o f the Kaba).The head is then shaved or the hair is trimmed, which marks the end of the state of ihram.The 10 Commandments of ChristianitySimilar to the 5 Pillars of Islam, Christianity has its own duties and standards which Christians have to live their lives by. These 10 Commandments are a list of religious and moral imperatives that were authored by the churchman God and given to Moses at Mount Sinai. The 10 Commandments are found in the Bible in Exodus 20 as followsI am the professional your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.You shall have no other gods before me.You shall not make for yourself an idol in the form of anything in promised land above or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or worship them for I, the sea captain your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing love to a thousand generations, of those who love me and keep my rules.You shall not misuse the name of the manufacturer your God, for the Lord will not hold anyone guiltless who misuses his name.Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy. six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God, On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your manservant or maidservant, nor your animals, nor the alien within your gates. For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, andall that is in them, but he rest on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy.Honor your father and your mother, so that you may live long in the land the Lord your God is giving you.You shall not dischargeYou shall not commit adultery.You shall not slip ones mind.You shall not give false testimony against your inhabit.You shall not covet your neighbors house. You shall not covet your neighbors wife, or his manservant or maidservant, his ox or do nkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.After receiving the commandments and returning to Mount Sinai, Moses saw that the Israelites had defiled themselves, and that his brother, Aaron, had made a Golden Calf and an communion table in front of it for the Israelites to pray to. Moses, in terrible anger, broke the tablets. God later offered Moses to carve two other tablets, to replace the ones he smash treeed. From this it seem that God himself appears as the writer. This second sets of commandments were brought down from Mount Sinai by Moses and were placed in the Ark of the Covenant.You shall not covet anything that belongs to your neighbor10Islams confirmation of the Ten CommandmentsMany might believe that Islam and Christianity are totallydifferent in their teachings. This might be true when it comes to certain practices such as drinking alcohol or eating pork for example, yet some of the core teachings of both religions are similar. The same prophets appear in both the Qu ran as well as in the Bible, perchance under Arabic influenced name but still the same person. To further illustrate the similarities in this context, the pastime section relates the messages conveyed by the 10 Commandments to teachings found in the sanctum Quran.Exodus 2412 statesThe Lord said to Moses, Come up to Me on the mountain and stay here, and I will give you the tablets of stone, with the law and commands I have written for their instruction.Deuteronomy 413 statesHe declared to you His covenant, the Ten Commandments, which He commanded you to follow and then wrote them on two stone tablets.As stated before, both Islam and Christianity have similar teachings about certain prophets, Moses is one of them and is recognized in Islam and is written about a lot in the Quran. 2 chapters in particular from the Quran could be said to affirm the belief in the commandments which God gave to Moses.These chapters are 253 and 7145. In keep an eye onive manner, they state the followin gAnd remember We gave Moses the Scripture and the metre (between right and wrong) There was a chance for you to be guided aright.And We ordained laws for him Moses in the tablets in all matters, both commanding and explaining all things, (and said) Take and hold these with firmness, and enjoin thy people to hold fast by the best in the preceptsFrom this we can agree that there is sufficient evidence of both religions accept that God had given the commandments to Moses.The First Commandment, found in Exodus 203, states the following.You shall have no other gods before meIt is well known that Christianity and Islam are both Monotheistic religions, with Christians believing in the Lord God and Muslims believing in Allah. There are numerous instances in the Quran where this is states, one of these is found in chapter 1723 of the QuranThy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but HimAnother affirmation of this commandment could be sought after in the translation of the Shahadah or fir st pillar of Islam which statesAsh-hadu alaa-ilaahailla-llaahu wa ash hadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa RasuluWhich when translated means I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad (S.A.W) is His Devotee and His Messenger.This confirms the common belief between Muslims and Christians on the ace of God.The Second Commandment, found in Exodus 204, statesYou shall not make for yourself an idol, or any twin of what is in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the water under the earth.Chapter 3113 of the Quran gives just one of the many instances in the Quran where flawlessness worshipping is give eared. It goesRecall that Luqmaan said to his son, as he enlightened him, O my son, do not set up any idols beside graven image idolatry is a gross injustice.Also, Chapter 2212 of the Quran statesThey call on such deities, besides Allah, as can neither hurt nor profit them that is straying far indeed (from the Way) Because of the mo notheistic nature of both these religions, it can be easily noted that both these religions reject the view of worshipping any other gods but God himself.The Third Commandment, found in Exodus 207 of the Bible statesYou shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, i.e. in an irreverent or disrespectful manner for the Lord will not leave him unpunished who takes His name in vain.The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) revealedAllah has 99 names, i.e. one- degree Celsius minus one, and whoever knows them will go to Paradise.In the Quran, Allah is referred to in many instances, not just by Allah but by other names. Over time, these names have been collected in the Quran and amount to 99. These are deemed the 99 names of Allah. Even though there are 99 names of Allah, the misuse of these names is not allowed in Islam, just as the misuse of the name of the Lord is scorned upon in Christianity.From chapter 7180 in the Quran,And Allahs are the best names, therefore call on Him thereby, and leave solo those who violate the sanctity of His names they shall be requited for what they did.From this we can see that the violation or misuse of Gods names in both Christianity and Islam, are both subject to punishment in the afterlife.The fourthly Commandment, found in Exodus 208-11, states the followingRemember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall childbed and do all your work, but the seventh day is a sabbath of the Lord your God in it you shall not do any work, you or your son or your daughter, your male or your female servant or your cattle or your sojourner who stays with you. For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day and made it holy.Islam rejects the idea of God resting as seen from the followingAnd verily we created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them in six periods, and naught of weariness touched usIf the thoug ht of rest is pretermited and the Sabbath day is viewed as just holy day on which should worship God, then a similarity arises with the teachings of Islam.establish on this assumption, the following excerpt outlines the day of worship for MuslimsThe dedicated Prophet Muhammad said The day of Friday has been lofty and conferred many rights. Therefore do not be negligent of your duty. Do not be later(a) in your worship this day. Try to attain nearness to Allah by performing pure deeds and refraining from the banned things, because this day Allah increases the reward for good deeds and obliterates the sins. Allah raises the position of the believer in the world and the Hereafter.So if we disregard the argument over whether God rested or not after the creation of the Earth, then the final result that we left with is a day that is set aside to worship God. For Christians this is on Sunday and for Muslims, Friday.There is mention of the Sabbath in the Quran in Chapter 16124The Sabba th was only made (strict) for those who disagreed (as to its observance) But Allah will judge between them on the Day of Judgment, as to their differences. This, in my opinion, could be interpreted to mean that those who take lightly to the Sabbath are the ones for whom the Sabbath was set forth.The Fifth Commandment, found in Exodus 2012, statesHonour your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which the Lord your God gave you.Similar to this, the Quran also teaches Muslims to respect andhonor their parents.Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but Him, and that ye be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in thy life, say not to them a word of contempt, nor push back them, but address them in terms of honour.As a result of these excerpts, we can conclude that both religions hold parents in high esteem, and should be respected and honored. We are not to be rude to them and should sustain their honor for as long as they may live.The Sixth Commandment, found in Exodus 2013, statesYou shall not murderIn todays world, Islam is viewed as a terrorist religion which approves the acts of murder. This is not true, the Quran commands Muslims to commove up for themselves in a defensive battle i.e. if an enemy army attacks, then Muslims are to fight against that army until they stop their aggression. All of the verses that speak about fighting/war in the Quran are in this context. The following verse from the Quran illustrates the views on murderYou shall not kill any person for GOD has made life sacred except in the course of justice. If one is killed unjustly, then we give his heir authority to enforce justice. Thus, he shall not exceed the limits in avenging the murder he will be helped.From this is we can see that both Islam and Christianity condemn the acts of murder, however, Islam teaches Muslims to stand up for themselves and fight for what they believe in and if killed unjustly, then justice can be enforced upon the murderer.The Seventh Commandment, found in Exodus 2014, statesYou shall not commit adulteryIn the Quran, chapter 1732, the following is statedNor come nigh to adultery for it is a shameful (deed) and an evil, opening the road (to other evils).Adultery is scorned upon in both Christianity and Islam. In some Islamic cities, adultery is a serious offence and punishable by death- usually in the form of stoning.From Chapter 242 in the QuranThe woman and the man, guilty of fornication. Flog each of them with a hundred stripes, and let a party of believers witness their punishment.From this we see that in Islam, both men and womanare subject to punishment if guilty of adultery.The Eight Commandment, found in Exodus 2015, statesYou shall not stealThe Quran states, in chapter 2188And do not eat up unjustly the property of each other among yourselves nor convey their cases to the authorities for devouring unlawfully some portion of the property of the people knowingly. take is an off ence also not taken lightly in Islam. If found guilty of theft, the Quran states that the highwaymans hand should be cut off as compensation as well as a deterrence so that the thief will know that the consequences of stealing are much greater than the rewards of theft.As for the thief, the male and the female, amputate their hands in recompense for what they earned i.e. committed as a obstructor punishment from Allah. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.The Ninth Commandment, found in Exodus 2016, statesYou shall not bear false witness against your neighbour.The term false witness is a synonym for not relation the truth, or lying. The Quran states the following about lyingAnd cover not truth with falsehood, nor conceal the Truth when ye know (what it is).As with most religions, both Christianity and Islam both condemn the act of lying or not telling the truth.And finally, the Tenth and last Commandment, found in Exodus 2017, statesYou shall not covet your neighbours house you shall not covet your neighbours wife or his male servant or his female servant or his ox or his donkey or anything that belongs to your neighbor.From the Quran, Chapter 432Do not covet the bounties that God has bestowed more abundantly on some of you than on others.As we can see, both Islam and Christianity condemn the acts of coveting. However, Bible limits coveting to neighbors property only. Quran goes further and extends the prohibition to all society.Bibliography1.The Pillars of Islam and Iman and What Every Muslim Must Know About His Religion,2.By Muhammad Bin Jamil Zeno, Published by Darussalam pages 18-19.3.Islm. (2008). In Encyclopdia Britannica. 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